Abstract

The paradigm shift that has occurred in the workplace due to the massive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires a comprehensive and structured understanding of its impact on human capital. This research is a systematic literature study that aims to integrate and analyze empirical findings from scientific journals. The analysis identified four main challenges: (1) skill gaps and the incompatibility of the competencies possessed by the current workforce in the AI era; (2) jobs that widen income inequality; (3) ethical risks such as in the recruitment process, performance evaluation, and employee data privacy; and (4) a decline in critical thinking skills. Not only challenges have emerged, but there are also positive opportunities arising from the use of AI. The positive aspects are the creation of collaboration between humans and AI that can increase productivity, the creation of new jobs, and the encouragement of human creativity and innovation. This study examines the importance of balance between humans and AI to build an adaptive and fair human resource ecosystem in an era of rapid technological development.