Maritime Connectivity and Logistics Distribution in Supporting Economic Equity in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia’s archipelagic geography makes maritime transportation essential for connecting regions, distributing goods, and supporting balanced economic development. However, differences in port accessibility, shipping connectivity, logistics costs, and distribution efficiency continue to create unequal access to markets and economic opportunities, particularly in remote and eastern regions. This study aims to examine how maritime connectivity and logistics distribution support economic equity in Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using document analysis of academic articles, government publications, statistical reports, and policy documents. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis and thematic synthesis focusing on maritime connectivity, logistics distribution, and economic equity. The findings indicate that maritime connectivity supports regional economic access through shipping routes, port accessibility, service frequency, and vessel capacity. Meanwhile, logistics distribution is influenced by transportation costs, port efficiency, delivery reliability, and port–hinterland integration. The findings further show that these dimensions operate as interconnected mechanisms: improved connectivity can expand market access, while efficient logistics can reduce geographical barriers and support wider market participation. However, equitable outcomes depend on supporting infrastructure, local productive capacity, cargo demand, investment, and regional conditions. Strengthening maritime networks, port efficiency, multimodal integration, and local economic capacity is therefore important for promoting more balanced economic opportunities across Indonesia.